async function callWithRetry(fn, maxRetries = 5) {
  for (let attempt = 0; attempt < maxRetries; attempt++) {
    const res = await fn();
    if (res.status !== 429) return res;

    const retryAfter = parseInt(res.headers.get('retry-after') || '1', 10);
    const baseDelay = retryAfter * 1000;
    // Exponential backoff with jitter
    const delay = baseDelay * Math.pow(2, attempt) + Math.random() * 250;
    await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, delay));
  }
  throw new Error('Rate limit exhausted after retries');
}

import asyncio, random

async def call_with_retry(fn, max_retries=5):
    for attempt in range(max_retries):
        res = await fn()
        if res.status_code != 429:
            return res
        retry_after = int(res.headers.get('retry-after', '1'))
        base_delay = retry_after
        delay = base_delay * (2 ** attempt) + random.uniform(0, 0.25)
        await asyncio.sleep(delay)
    raise Exception('Rate limit exhausted after retries')

def call_with_retry(max_retries: 5)
  max_retries.times do |attempt|
    res = yield
    return res unless res.code.to_i == 429
    retry_after = (res['retry-after'] || '1').to_i
    delay = retry_after * (2 ** attempt) + rand * 0.25
    sleep(delay)
  end
  raise 'Rate limit exhausted after retries'
end